Method of preparing catalyzers.



or sans arena rare.

AUGUST J. SPIELER, 0F CELINA; OHIO.

METHOD OF PREPARING CATALYZERS.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, AUGUST J. SPIELER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Celina, in the county of Mercer and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Preparing Catalyzers; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in catalyzers adapted to convertunsaturated fats and oils and fatty esters into saturated compounds of higher melting point. The invention also relates to the method of preparing the catalyzer.

The object of the invention is to produce a catalyzer of ayuniform and high degree of activity and stabilityfbne that can be easily prepared, and after preparation be conveniently handled and transported from place to place, as an article of mechandise without any appreciable deterioration or loss in its catalytic activity.

It is known that the reduction of unsaturated fats and oils can be accomplished by allowing hydrogen to act upon them in such condition in the presence of finely divided metallic nickel, or upon metallic nickel which has been deposited upon finely divided inert substances. These metallic powders, or metalized powders, when reduced at a proper temperature in an atmosphere of hydrogen, derived from another source, have the property of carrying free hydrogen, and under suitable conditions can effect the saturation with hydrogen of unsaturated fats and oils. The nature of such, so prepared, catalyzers makes it necessary to freshly reduce them immediately before use, and from the time of their reduction until they are introduced intothe fats or oils to be treated or saturated, they must be kept in'an atmosphere selves, ho wever, when in contact or in combi- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May as, 1915.

nation with nickel salts the catalytic properties of these hydrates are remarkably increased, so much that such a compound or combination has far greater catalytic activity than either of the component ingredients themselves.

I have found that when a nickel salt of an,

- pension medium, to a temperature approximately 230 to 250 C. in a pressure vessel suitably arranged to agitate the contents, a catalyzer of uniform activity and st ability can always be produced. I

In the process of preparing this catalytic compound, in the event the chemical ingredients are in the form of a pasty mass, during the stage of the evaporation of the water of the solution, and the subsequent heating to the final temperature, a constant brisk agitation of the entire mass is desirable, as by this procedure the entire catalytic substance is finely and uniformly distributed throughout the suspension medium, each particle of the catalytic substance being inclosed by a covering of the suspension medium.

During the stage of evaporation the water of solution, some intermediate, re-- actions may occur between the nickel 'formate or carbonate and the inorganic colloids, however, the final decomposition of the nickel formate may be expressed by the equation Ni coon ,=Ni+21-I+co, and that of the nickel carbonate as I NiO0,=NiO+CO The hydrogen liberated during the decomposition of thev formate is in the nascent state and within the covered particles is at once absorbed or held by the catalyzer, which is then fully charged with the hydrogen content it is capable of occluding. vIn this manner the catalyzer is preserved in its most potent state.

There are various Ways possible of preparing this catalyst through which the same results may be obtained. I herewith describe two methods of procedure which can be easily carried out.

A convenient method of preparing this catalyzer is to take 40 parts of nickel formate and carbonate in aqueous suspension and thoroughly incorporate this with about 80 parts of gelatinous aluminum hydrate or gelatinous silicon hydrate, either singly or together, in any proportion. The proper- 'oils.

tion of nickel formate and carbonate may be varied considerably. The proportion may be as low as four parts of one to thirty-six parts of the other and obtain satisfactory results. Place this in a suitable agitating vessel with 100 parts of a, suitable suspensory medium. Heat the whole mass with, constant agitation. The steam resulting from the evaporation of the aqueous solution is allowed to escape. When the escape of steam ceases, the temperature is raised to approximately 235250 C. and the temperature maintained until the reaction is complete.

Another method is to take nickel formate employed. However, the proportion of 4= parts of nickel formate and carbonate and 8 parts of the inorganic gelatinous h drates proved to make a very effective an stable catalyst for the hydrogenation of fats and What I claim is: I

1. The method of preparing a catalyst herein described which'consists in incorporating a colloid of aluminum and silicon with an organic salt of nickel, and in subjecting the same to decomposition by heat.

2. The herein described method of preparing a catalyst which consists in incorporating a colloid of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature 7 when under the influence of heat below the temperature of decomposition of the nickel salts.

3. The herein described method of preparing a catalyst which consists in incorporating a colloid of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature and decomposing the salts by the aid of,

eat.

4. The herein described method of preparing a catalyst which consists in incorporating a colloid of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature when suspended in a medium of an oleaginous substance, Which is a fluid and nonvolatile at the temperature necessary to decompose the salts.

5. The herein described method of prepar ing a catal st which consists in incorporating a colloid of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature "when suspended in a medium ofan oleaginous substance which is fluid and non-volatile at the temperature necessary todecompose the salts, and decomposing the-salts by the aid of heat. v

6. The herein described method of preparing a catalyst which consists in agitating a; colloid of aluminum and silicon and salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature in a medium of an oleaginous substance which is fluid and nonvolatile at the temperature necessary to decompose the salts, and decomposing the salts by the aid of heat. p

7. The herein described method of preparin a catalyst which consists in agitating a co loid of aluminum and silicon and salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature in an olea inous substance which is in a fluid state an nonvolatile at the temperature necessary to decompose the salts, and decomposing them by the aid of heat.

8. The herein described method of preparing a catalyst which consists of agitating a hydrate of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature in a medium of an oleaginous substance which is in a fluid state and non-volatile at the temperature necessary to decompose the salts, and decom posing the salts by the aid of heat.

9. The herein described method of preparing a catalyst which consists in agitating a hydrate of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature in an oleaginous substance which is in a fluid state and non-volatile at the temperature necessary to decompose the salts, in decomposing the salts by the aid of heat thereby charging the catalytic substance formed with free hydrogen.

10. The method of preparing a catalyst which consists in agitating a hydrate of aluminum and silicon with salts of nickel decomposable by heat alone at a comparatively low temperature in an oleaginous substance which is a fluid and non-volatile at the tem- 10 which is a fluid and non-volatile at the temperature necessary to decompose the salts, in decomposing the salts by the aid of heat thereby charging the catalytic substance with free hydrogen.

In testimony whereof I a-fix my signature 15 in presence of two witnesses.

AUGUST J. SPIELER. Witnesses:

GEORGE F. PULSKAMP, REUBEN J. SACHER. 

